For generations, hunters have relied on the incredible instincts and unwavering loyalty of dogs for hunting deer. But the world of hunting dogs is far more diverse than many realize. I’ve spent over a decade exploring the backcountry and working with hunting guides across the US, and I’ve seen firsthand the incredible capabilities of various breeds. This guide will delve into the best breeds for different types of hunting, from tracking wounded deer to pursuing upland game, and even discuss the surprising potential of breeds like pitbulls as hunting companions. We’ll also cover essential protective gear and training considerations to ensure both your safety and your dog’s well-being.
When considering dogs for hunting deer, the first step is understanding the type of hunting you’ll be doing. Are you primarily tracking wounded deer (blood tracking)? Are you looking for a dog to drive deer towards you (big game hounds)? Or do you need a versatile companion for multiple game types? The answer will significantly narrow down your options.
Traditionally, breeds like the Black and Tan Coonhound, Bluetick Coonhound, Redbone Coonhound, and Plott Hound have been favored for their scenting ability and stamina. These big game hounds excel at trailing deer, often covering vast distances. The United Kennel Club (UKC) consistently ranks these breeds among the top performers in hunting trials. Plott Hounds, in particular, are known for their courage and ability to tree larger game. Interestingly, some sources suggest Plott Hounds may even have partially webbed feet, aiding in their ability to navigate wet terrain.
The question of are pitbulls hunting dogs is becoming increasingly common. While not traditionally bred for hunting, American Pit Bull Terriers (and similar breeds) possess incredible strength, tenacity, and a strong prey drive. Historically, they were used for various tasks requiring courage and determination, and some owners have successfully trained them for pit bull hunting, particularly for baying wild boar or even assisting with bear hunting (though this is controversial and requires extreme caution – see the section on safety). The American Kennel Club doesn’t recognize “pit bull” as a single breed, but acknowledges the various breeds encompassed by that term.
European hunting dogs often emphasize pointing and retrieving skills. Breeds like the German Shorthaired Pointer, German Wirehaired Pointer, and Vizsla are highly versatile and excel at upland bird hunting, but can also be trained for water fowl and even deer tracking. These breeds are known for their intelligence and trainability. They are often favored for driven hunts, where they are used to locate and retrieve game flushed by beaters.
Don’t underestimate the power of smaller breeds! Hunting terrier breeds like the Jack Russell Terrier and Rat Terrier are tenacious vermin hunters, capable of going to ground after rabbits, squirrels, and other small game. They are also surprisingly effective at flushing birds. While not suited for large game, they can be invaluable for controlling pest populations. The USDA Forest Service recognizes the importance of controlling invasive species, and terriers can play a role in that effort.
Different hunting styles require different canine skills. Here’s a breakdown of some specialized roles:
For best deer tracking dog breeds, you need a dog with an exceptional nose and the ability to focus on a scent trail. Bloodhounds are the gold standard for best dog for blood tracking deer, but they can be slow. Beagles, Basset Hounds, and German Shepherds are also excellent choices. Training is crucial; the dog must be able to differentiate between fresh and old blood, and ignore distractions. The ability to work a cold trail is also highly valuable.
Catch dog breeds are used to physically hold or subdue game, typically wild boar. This practice is controversial and often illegal, depending on the state. Breeds like the Dogo Argentino have been used for this purpose, with some reports of the dogo argentino hunting bear, but this is extremely dangerous and should only be attempted by experienced professionals with appropriate permits and safety measures. I strongly advise against this practice due to the inherent risks to both the dog and the animal.
Best coon hunting dogs are typically the aforementioned Coonhounds – Black and Tan, Bluetick, and Redbone. They rely on their incredible scenting ability to track raccoons and other nocturnal animals. Training involves teaching the dog to “tree” the raccoon, indicating its location with a distinctive baying sound. The National Park Service emphasizes the importance of respecting wildlife and minimizing disturbance, even during hunting activities.
Regardless of the breed, hunting dog protective gear is essential. This includes:
Training is equally important. Your dog needs to be obedient, recall reliably, and be comfortable with gunfire. Start with basic obedience training and gradually introduce hunting-specific commands. Consider working with a professional dog trainer specializing in hunting dogs. The REI Expert Advice section offers valuable resources on dog training.
Many hunting dogs are versatile and can be trained for multiple game types. Here are a few examples:
Even a black lab coyote mix can be a surprisingly effective hunter, inheriting the Labrador’s retrieving instincts and the coyote’s tenacity.
As hunters, we have a responsibility to ensure our activities are ethical and sustainable. This includes respecting wildlife, following all hunting regulations, and prioritizing the well-being of our canine companions. Always practice Leave No Trace principles (leavenotrace.org) and be mindful of the impact your hunting has on the environment.
Events like the Southern Ohio dog and game turkey shoot and informal gatherings like “let us chase the squirrel game” are great opportunities to test your dog’s skills and connect with other hunting enthusiasts. However, always ensure these events are conducted safely and ethically, with respect for the animals involved.
Ultimately, the best dogs for hunting deer – or any game – are those that are well-trained, physically fit, and have a strong bond with their handler. With careful selection, proper training, and responsible hunting practices, your canine companion can be an invaluable asset in the field for years to come.